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不锈钢带钢光亮退火马弗炉缺陷分析及修复

日期:2024-05-18 15:57
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摘要:<span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不锈钢带钢光亮退火马弗炉缺陷分析及修复</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">炉中马弗管尺寸大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(&lt;1820mm×28500mm)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、质量大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(20000kg)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,马弗管正常使用温度为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1000</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃以上,*高工作温度可以达到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1200</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃。由于马弗管用材料为高温镍基耐热合金,该材料具有优异的力学性能,尤其是优良的高温持久强度及抗氧化性,国内无法生产,还完全依赖进口。高温自重条件的长时间作用使得不锈钢光亮退火生产线运行过程中产生多种缺陷而影响生产。实际生产中,为确保</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">BAL</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">可靠运行,缩短更换马弗的时间,准备了两支马弗</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">分别表示为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A2)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,两支马弗</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">一用一备</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在实际运行过程中相继出现缺陷而无法正常使用,新制造一支马弗需要大约</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年的时间且价值昂贵。因而分析各种缺陷的原因并对马弗进行修复将有助于确保正常生产,具有重要的工程应用价值。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">马弗管在长时间高温、自重</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(20000kg)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">及烧嘴燃烧不均导致的温度不均匀等因素作用下,会在使用过程中出现缩颈、壁厚减薄、焊缝开裂、截面变形、香蕉状弯曲、鼓包等缺陷。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">对于由于高温蠕变引起的伸长、缩颈、厚度减薄、截面变形、弯曲、鼓包等缺陷,可以通过切除失效部位的措施进行修复。为此,在修复前首先对马弗管进行**测量以确定修复工艺和修复后的验收标准。其次,对缺陷部位切除后进行焊接。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">管缺陷主要表现为:道环形焊缝开裂,二次吊装法兰设计缺陷及产生处局部鼓包,香蕉状弯曲,</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">段的严重缩颈、壁厚减薄、大面积龟裂和截面变形。因而充分考虑上述缺陷特点,采用的修复方案为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">①首先用手工切割机截去道焊缝两侧各</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">100mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">左右的筒体,重新焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">具体切除长度应按着色检查裂纹情况后再定</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">);</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">②用手工切割机切二次吊装法兰,并截去鼓包段约</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">400mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,人工校正筒体端面平整度,然后双面倒角后对接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">③采用厚度</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">15mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的替代材料制成筒体焊接在马弗管尾部至马弗管总长度达</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">28522mm;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">④二次吊装法兰结构及安装部位进行了重新设计,将整段法兰焊接结构改为分段法兰焊接结构方式。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">管缺陷主要表现为:二次吊装法兰处烧穿,多处鼓包缺陷,香蕉状弯曲,</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">段的严重缩颈、壁厚减薄、大面积龟裂和截面变形。因而充分考虑上述缺陷特点,采用的修复方案具体如下:①从二次吊装法兰处用等离子切割机切割开马弗管</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">②采用着色渗透检查方法检查马弗管穿孔处裂纹确定切割的尺寸,采用手动砂轮片切割机对马弗管进行切割</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">③对表面切口按照焊接坡口要求打磨,由于马弗管切口断面已成椭圆形</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">长轴约</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1900mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,短轴约</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1700mm)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,对接时必须按椭圆形还原对接,然后进行手工焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">④采用着色渗透检查方法检查焊缝质量</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">⑤在马弗管底部焊接一定长度的替代钢板</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(&lt;1820mm×900mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,厚度</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">15mm)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">使马弗炉总长度达到设计要求</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">约</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">28500mm);</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">⑥二次吊装法兰处理与</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">马弗管相同</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">⑦</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">马弗炉已出现</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">7</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">处鼓包,由于没有合适的材料,因而只对*为严重的鼓包采用与烧穿相同的方法进行了整段切除、对焊,其余部位的鼓包只能进行定期跟踪渗透探伤检查。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">马弗管已使用</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年,根据相应的缺陷形式,通过对其材质强度、焊接的评定,根据制定的修复方案进行了马弗管的修复,使其达到使用的标准。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">马弗管使用了近</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年,根据材质强度评定和制定的修复方案,完成了马弗管的修复。该修复的马弗管连续运行了</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">17</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个月,使用状态一直良好。下机后对所有焊缝进行</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">X</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">光探伤,未发现有新的裂纹出现,还可以继续使用。现场应用情况表明按照上述修复工艺方案进行修复取得了成功,同时也验证了所选镍基高温合金与替代材料焊接的焊接性能在高温作用下完全可满足使用。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span>

不锈钢带钢光亮退火马弗炉缺陷分析及修复

炉中马弗管尺寸大(<1820mm×28500mm)、质量大(20000kg),马弗管正常使用温度为1000℃以上,*高工作温度可以达到1200℃。由于马弗管用材料为高温镍基耐热合金,该材料具有优异的力学性能,尤其是优良的高温持久强度及抗氧化性,国内无法生产,还完全依赖进口。高温自重条件的长时间作用使得不锈钢光亮退火生产线运行过程中产生多种缺陷而影响生产。实际生产中,为确保BAL可靠运行,缩短更换马弗的时间,准备了两支马弗(分别表示为A1A2),两支马弗(一用一备)在实际运行过程中相继出现缺陷而无法正常使用,新制造一支马弗需要大约1年的时间且价值昂贵。因而分析各种缺陷的原因并对马弗进行修复将有助于确保正常生产,具有重要的工程应用价值。

马弗管在长时间高温、自重(20000kg)及烧嘴燃烧不均导致的温度不均匀等因素作用下,会在使用过程中出现缩颈、壁厚减薄、焊缝开裂、截面变形、香蕉状弯曲、鼓包等缺陷。

对于由于高温蠕变引起的伸长、缩颈、厚度减薄、截面变形、弯曲、鼓包等缺陷,可以通过切除失效部位的措施进行修复。为此,在修复前首先对马弗管进行**测量以确定修复工艺和修复后的验收标准。其次,对缺陷部位切除后进行焊接。

A1管缺陷主要表现为:道环形焊缝开裂,二次吊装法兰设计缺陷及产生处局部鼓包,香蕉状弯曲,A段的严重缩颈、壁厚减薄、大面积龟裂和截面变形。因而充分考虑上述缺陷特点,采用的修复方案为:①首先用手工切割机截去道焊缝两侧各100mm左右的筒体,重新焊接(具体切除长度应按着色检查裂纹情况后再定);②用手工切割机切二次吊装法兰,并截去鼓包段约400mm,人工校正筒体端面平整度,然后双面倒角后对接;③采用厚度15mm的替代材料制成筒体焊接在马弗管尾部至马弗管总长度达28522mm;④二次吊装法兰结构及安装部位进行了重新设计,将整段法兰焊接结构改为分段法兰焊接结构方式。

A2管缺陷主要表现为:二次吊装法兰处烧穿,多处鼓包缺陷,香蕉状弯曲,A段的严重缩颈、壁厚减薄、大面积龟裂和截面变形。因而充分考虑上述缺陷特点,采用的修复方案具体如下:①从二次吊装法兰处用等离子切割机切割开马弗管;②采用着色渗透检查方法检查马弗管穿孔处裂纹确定切割的尺寸,采用手动砂轮片切割机对马弗管进行切割;③对表面切口按照焊接坡口要求打磨,由于马弗管切口断面已成椭圆形(长轴约1900mm,短轴约1700mm),对接时必须按椭圆形还原对接,然后进行手工焊接;④采用着色渗透检查方法检查焊缝质量;⑤在马弗管底部焊接一定长度的替代钢板(<1820mm×900mm,厚度15mm)使马弗炉总长度达到设计要求(28500mm);⑥二次吊装法兰处理与A1马弗管相同;A2马弗炉已出现7处鼓包,由于没有合适的材料,因而只对*为严重的鼓包采用与烧穿相同的方法进行了整段切除、对焊,其余部位的鼓包只能进行定期跟踪渗透探伤检查。

对于A1马弗管已使用3年,根据相应的缺陷形式,通过对其材质强度、焊接的评定,根据制定的修复方案进行了马弗管的修复,使其达到使用的标准。

对于A2马弗管使用了近2年,根据材质强度评定和制定的修复方案,完成了马弗管的修复。该修复的马弗管连续运行了17个月,使用状态一直良好。下机后对所有焊缝进行X光探伤,未发现有新的裂纹出现,还可以继续使用。现场应用情况表明按照上述修复工艺方案进行修复取得了成功,同时也验证了所选镍基高温合金与替代材料焊接的焊接性能在高温作用下完全可满足使用。

 

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