怎样提高不锈钢加工料的耐磨性能

摘要：<span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">怎样提高不锈钢加工料的耐磨性能</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">在不锈钢加工过程中的加热或冷焊会发生比较严重的粘合剂磨损。粘合剂磨损主要发生在两个相对运动的金属表面与足够的作用力下。这是一个固相焊接工艺。在相对运动期间，作用力一定要足够，以此来破坏不锈钢表面保护性氧化物层。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <a name="不锈钢加工"></a><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">而在过高应力与较差的润滑条件下，还有可能会发生更大表面积的粘结，有可能生成比较大的碎片或表面突起，其结果就是不锈钢加工料表面出现磨损。严重的磨损甚至会影响到不锈钢部件的使用性。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">高韧性或有着低加工硬化率的不锈钢加工料通常更容易发生磨损。奥氏体不锈钢在某些条件下的磨损会更加明显。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">所以有效的润滑通常是不锈钢紧固件防止磨损的好方法。依据使用条件，可使用几种形式，从把油与润滑脂应用于固体润滑系统如热固性或</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">PTFE</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">涂层。在相关专业资料中显示，相比于润滑脂，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">PTFE</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">会提供更好的耐磨损系统，资料中还表明该系统有着额外的优点，即涂层可以在车间条件下而非现场条件下应用。相比于使用润滑脂，这有助于保持不锈钢紧固件系统具有*佳耐腐蚀性，并且还能降低污染物沾染的风险。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">磨损涂层是通过氮化或镀铬改变不锈钢的表面特性，可以改善耐磨性和耐磨损性。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">表面氮化是奥氏体不锈钢对氮化处理效果不佳，渗氮范围有限。马氏体和沉淀硬化不锈钢可获得更好的结果。当作用力施加到配合部件时，这有助于支撑硬化的表面层。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">但在渗氮的范围内也存在限制，因为由于形成氮化铬，不锈钢材料表面上的铬消耗可以降低耐腐蚀性。此外，由于氮化温度可导致碳晶界面处的碳化物沉淀，因此可能会有晶间腐蚀的危险。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">硬铬沉积物主要用于改善磨损</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">/</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">耐磨损性，并且通常直接施加到基材上。硬铬电镀涂层的厚度范围为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.003</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">至</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">毫米，装饰涂料很少超过</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.003</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">毫米。电镀铬不适用于高温或高压应用，这往往会降低涂层的硬度，并可能导致开裂或剥落。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span>