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常见不锈钢的性能和适用环境

日期:2024-04-20 06:24
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摘要:<span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">常见不锈钢的性能和适用环境</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不锈钢行业作为传统行业历史也不算很短,但大家始终对不锈钢知识略显不足,各种不锈钢接触起来也零零总总的,今天趁此文章让自己对不锈钢知识的认识再次巩固下,可以更加清晰。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">201</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢管具备耐酸、耐碱</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">密度高无针孔等特点,是生产各种表壳、表带底盖上等材料等。广泛用于装饰管,工业管,这些浅拉伸的制品当中。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢在形变时呈现出明显的加工硬化现象,被用于要求较高强度的各种场合。多用于列车、航空器、传送带、车辆、螺</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">栓、螺母、弹簧、筛网。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是一种通用性的不锈钢,它广泛地用于制作要求良好综合性能(耐腐蚀和成型性)的设备和机件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304L </span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是碳含量较低的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢的变种,用于需要焊接的场合。较低的碳含量使得在靠近焊缝的热影响区中所析出的碳化物减至*少,而碳化物的析出可能导致不锈钢在某些环境中产生晶间腐蚀(焊接侵蚀)。应用于抗晶界腐蚀性要求高的化学、煤炭、石油产业的野外露天机</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">器,建材耐热零件及热处理有困难的零件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304CU</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">因添加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Cu</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">其成型性,特别是拔丝性和抗时效裂纹性好,故可进行复杂形状的产品成</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">形;其耐腐蚀性与</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">相同。多用于保温瓶、厨房洗涤槽、锅、壶、保温饭盒、门把手、纺织加工机器。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">309</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢的镍、铬含量都比较高,为的是提高钢在高温下的抗氧化性能和蠕变强度。而</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">30S5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310S</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">乃是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">309</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢的变种,所不同者只是碳含量较低,为的是使焊缝附近所析出的碳化物减至*少。多用于耐热槽钢、耐热管件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316L</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">型不锈钢含镍量高,因而在海洋和化学工业环境中的抗点腐蚀能力大大地优于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢。其中,</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">型不锈钢由变种包括低碳不锈钢</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316L</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、含氮的高强度不锈钢</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以及合硫量较高的易切削不锈钢</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316F</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。应用在海水里用设备、化学、染料、造纸、草酸、肥料等生产设备;照像、食品工业、沿海地区设施。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">321</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是以钛稳定化的不锈钢,在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">钢中添加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">元素来防止晶界腐蚀;适宜作高温下使用的焊接构件。适合于在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">-900</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃高温度下使用。多应用于航空器、排气管、锅炉汽包。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">409L </span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">是因添加了</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">元素,故其高温耐蚀性及高温强度较好。适用于汽车排气管、热交换机、集装箱等</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">在焊接后不热处理的产品。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">420J1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是在淬火后硬度高,耐蚀性好且有磁性。在餐具(刀)、涡轮机叶片中常使用。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">则作为铁素体钢的代表钢种,热膨胀率抵,成</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">形性及耐氧化性优。多用于耐热器具、燃烧器、家电产品、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">类餐具、厨房洗涤槽、外部装饰材料、螺栓、螺母、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">CD</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">杆、筛网。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:small;"> </span>

常见不锈钢的性能和适用环境

不锈钢行业作为传统行业历史也不算很短,但大家始终对不锈钢知识略显不足,各种不锈钢接触起来也零零总总的,今天趁此文章让自己对不锈钢知识的认识再次巩固下,可以更加清晰。

201不锈钢管具备耐酸、耐碱,密度高无针孔等特点,是生产各种表壳、表带底盖上等材料等。广泛用于装饰管,工业管,这些浅拉伸的制品当中。

301 不锈钢在形变时呈现出明显的加工硬化现象,被用于要求较高强度的各种场合。多用于列车、航空器、传送带、车辆、螺 栓、螺母、弹簧、筛网。

304 是一种通用性的不锈钢,它广泛地用于制作要求良好综合性能(耐腐蚀和成型性)的设备和机件。

304L 是碳含量较低的304不锈钢的变种,用于需要焊接的场合。较低的碳含量使得在靠近焊缝的热影响区中所析出的碳化物减至*少,而碳化物的析出可能导致不锈钢在某些环境中产生晶间腐蚀(焊接侵蚀)。应用于抗晶界腐蚀性要求高的化学、煤炭、石油产业的野外露天机 器,建材耐热零件及热处理有困难的零件。

304CU因添加Cu其成型性,特别是拔丝性和抗时效裂纹性好,故可进行复杂形状的产品成 形;其耐腐蚀性与304相同。多用于保温瓶、厨房洗涤槽、锅、壶、保温饭盒、门把手、纺织加工机器。

309310不锈钢的镍、铬含量都比较高,为的是提高钢在高温下的抗氧化性能和蠕变强度。而30S5310S乃是309310不锈钢的变种,所不同者只是碳含量较低,为的是使焊缝附近所析出的碳化物减至*少。多用于耐热槽钢、耐热管件。

316316L型不锈钢含镍量高,因而在海洋和化学工业环境中的抗点腐蚀能力大大地优于304不锈钢。其中,316型不锈钢由变种包括低碳不锈钢316L、含氮的高强度不锈钢316N以及合硫量较高的易切削不锈钢316F。应用在海水里用设备、化学、染料、造纸、草酸、肥料等生产设备;照像、食品工业、沿海地区设施。

321是以钛稳定化的不锈钢,在304钢中添加Ti元素来防止晶界腐蚀;适宜作高温下使用的焊接构件。适合于在430-900℃高温度下使用。多应用于航空器、排气管、锅炉汽包。

409L 是因添加了Ti元素,故其高温耐蚀性及高温强度较好。适用于汽车排气管、热交换机、集装箱等 在焊接后不热处理的产品。

420J1是在淬火后硬度高,耐蚀性好且有磁性。在餐具(刀)、涡轮机叶片中常使用。

430则作为铁素体钢的代表钢种,热膨胀率抵,成 形性及耐氧化性优。多用于耐热器具、燃烧器、家电产品、2类餐具、厨房洗涤槽、外部装饰材料、螺栓、螺母、CD杆、筛网。

 

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